FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SENSORY OF PRESCHOOLERS ACCORDING TO THE M. MONTESSORI SYSTEM

Abstract

Summary. The article reveals the essence of concepts that characterize the pedagogical system of the famous pedagogue Maria Montessori in the process of organizing educational activities with preschool children. The scientific and methodical literature on the problems of sensory development of the child, the importance of creating a special didactic environment was analyzed. An analysis of the main tasks of pedagogues in working with preschoolers was carried out. Important educational problems have been identified in accordance with the requirements of the Basic Program for the Development of Preschool Children. In the study, attention is focused on the study and practical application of the best experience of foreign and domestic researchers. For discussion, the use of didactic exercises with buttons developed according to M. Montessori's method is presented. Attention is drawn to debatable points in ways of educating such a quality of character as independence. The main techniques, methods of organizing activities with sensory material are characterized, which teaches to differentiate size, color, structure, quantity, promotes encouragement to creative tasks. In the study, exercises are recommended for individual and group work with children and parents. Sensory games and creative tasks with didactic material in accordance with the rules of activity with pupils, when the initiative for creativity and the possibility of independent thinking are not competitive, have a developmental function. The authors of the article raise the issue of training pedagogues and parents in the process of organizing productive educational interaction, generalization of children's knowledge. The main didactic techniques of effective use of the available didactic material, which was used according to the system of sensory exercises, are summarized. M. Montessori’s technology is presented in terms of content and functionality as accessible for wide use, which makes it popular for wide use in the conditions of IPE and home education. The article presents the prospect of further popularization of the ideas of this pedagogical system in educational practice to meet the social demands of parents of pupils in the qualitative organization of the process of mental development of the child, taking into account the latest knowledge in psychology, pedagogy, and physiology. The ways of self-development of pedagogues and parents of pupils in the process of mastering the method of using the pedagogical technology of M. Montessori have been determined.