MODELS OF EDUCATIONAL TUTORING IN THE SECONDARY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

In the article, the author analyzes one of the relevant and effective pedagogical methods in the field of implementation of the principle of individualization – the methods of tutoring, which is due to the modern trend of education development – and its focus on the personality of an individual. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze educational tutoring models implemented in European countries in general secondary education institutions. The author uses the following research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and qualitative analysis of the experience of implementing educational tutoring in European countries. The article highlights common and distinctive features of educational tutoring in various models. The article analyzes models of educational tutoring that are implemented in European countries in the system of general secondary education, namely: personal pastoral support, developmental and educational tutoring and family tutoring. The essence of each variety and the specifics of their implementation are analyzed, the directions of the tutor's activities in the context of educational work, which are realized due to the conduct of tutorials, are indicated. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that all types of tutoring are based on the principle of individualization, as tutoring is aimed at supporting students in achieving their learning goals, maintaining motivation, helping them recognize their opportunities, abilities and potential development. The author concludes that educational tutoring contributes to the development of social and personal competences of students: the development of critical thinking, communication skills, tolerance and the ability of students to self-determine. This study allows to conclude that the European experience of implementing various models of educational tutoring provides examples of the implementation of the principle of individualization in the domestic educational process, which can be modified and adapted to the realities of the Ukrainian school.